Readings:
Linguistic Concepts:
Borrowings into English
Africa
(1) Afrikaans: aardvark, aardwolf, apartheid, Boer, commandeer, commando, dorp, kop, kopje/koppie, laager, outspan, puff-adder, spoor, springbok, trek, wildebeest.
(2) Bantu languages, including Kongo, Swahili, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu: boma, bwana, chimpanzee, impala, impi, indaba, mamba, marimba, tsetse, uhuru, zombie.
(3) West African languages, including Ewe, Fanti, Hausa, Mandingo, mainly through the Atlantic creoles: anansi, gumbo, harmattan, juju, juke(box), mumbo-jumbo, okra, voodoo, yam; perhaps banjo, jazz.
(4) Malagasy: raffia.
(5) Khoisan languages: gnu, karoo, quagga.
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The Linguists
